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ICC Impacts on the Sudanese's Politics
Related to country: Sudan

Translations available in: English (original) | French | Spanish | Italian | German | Portuguese | Swedish | Russian | Dutch | Arabic

A decision made by the International Criminal Court (ICC) of justice, issuing arrest warrant for the President of the Sudan Omer Hassan El-Bashir has a significance and repercussions on the Sudanese’ politics. These impacts are garnering toward the social democratization transit and the exit from the darkest political manipulation to free democratic society; it could be the end of political isolation and marginalization of the grassroots by special elitists in the Sudan; it is going to be the year that introduces justice and equity in the Sudan; there are possibilities of putting Sudan into economic isolation through sanction if the Sudanese communities fail to cooperate with the international communities and it could affect the implementation of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement(CPA) signed by both parties the SPLM and NCP, leading to the roadmap for peace in Southern Sudan. These happenings will only affect the civilians in the Sudan, and complicate the Government of Southern Sudan to remain ambivalence in support for the ICC arrest warrant to the President of the republic.

In this article, I am going to analyze insight issues that will incapacitate SPLM to remain ambivalence, but remain at the close door intellectually because Sudan People Liberation Movement (SPLM) is part of the coalition government in the Sudan. I will discuss impacts ICC will have on the Sudanese political arena and lastly offer an intuitive future of the Southern Sudan in the mid of such crisis in the Country.

Insight Issues Affiliated to the Arrest Warrant of the President
For the Skeptics, it is really a good time to believe that it has happened before day light that President Bashir’s indictment was not hesitantly and flawlessly handle, it has taken time pragmatically for the Judges to remain positively judgmental to the president’s incrimination against crimes on humanity. It is very obvious that the Darfurians will not only celebrate, but feel accommodate that they are part of the societal human values. In addiction, this verdict does not empower Darfur alone, but it enhances democratization movement and human right watch dogs in the Sudan to prosecute injustice and establish accountability, transparency, social equity, liberty, civil rights, and gender consideration.

Since Sudanese politics have been marked by culture of marginalization and elitism, the judgment for the President’s Arrest warrant and trial at The Hague has opened door to all those doubting that ground has shift beneath them. It should be realized that every dog has its own day and so you might be very powerful as Adolf Hitler of Germany but days go without saying what the future hold for you. How will this arrest warrant complicate peace roadmap in Darfur and CPA in Southern Sudan? How will ICC get the President of the republic? And will President remain as serving head of the state? I think these questions need to be hammered so that public in Darfur and Southerners are aware of the repercussions should the President defy the ICC judgment.
The arrest warrant will complicate the capacity of SPLM to de-emphasize the ICC decision to arrest the President simply because SPLM is part of the coalition government in the Sudan. SPLM will remain steadfastly defending the CPA and the interest of the Sudanese because there is no way you can be a sister-brother-government and tend to be bad friend, after all the issue is for the Sudanese. CPA is the priority that GoSS president need to protect and by protecting the CPA, he must not isolate himself from the problem facing his country, but to either be ambivalently cautious and urge the NCP to cooperate for the peace inside Sudan, telling National Congress Party (NCP), it is not the problem of Southerners and Darfurians alone, but problem of the whole Sudan; therefore, cooperation with ICC is the last resort. SPLM is facing a difficult decision to make because GoSS is being supported financially by the international communities like USA, British, Norway….etc through developmental projects.

From this perspective, it is a stringent for the GoSS to side to the president or ICC except to remain ambivalence, in order to protect CPA implementation and her interest at the international level. Many people think that this arrest warrant is not going to affect 2009 election and referendum 2011. It is indeed the greatest factor that will hinder the capacity to conduct election in 2009 unless President El- Bashir has a heart of humanity to surrender himself for trail at The Hague. SPLM is decisively vulnerable right now to take any concrete decision on what is going to be the future of the Sudan since Salva Kiir is the next 1st VP. All decisions of handing over the President are off-limit to 1st VP Kiir Mayardit and a decision to govern this country is out of reach unless President EL-Bashir gives up the position.

Is there a possibility of peace negotiation between the Sudan Government with Darfur rebel? Peace! This question have no definite answer because if the president is being prosecuted, so who is going to negotiate with the rebel. But I think it is definitely a no answer. The Darfur rebel’s plan for peace negotiation and other important schematic plans will remain pending until the arrest warrant has been cleared, and if there is going to be any successor to President EL-Bashir should he give away a power. Any future further dialogue between the rebel and Sudanese government will only be conducive after the settlement of the arrest warrant. SPLM has no ground to intervene in the negotiation but to urge both parties to come to the negotiation table to iron out their grievances.

How will the ICC get the president? Issuing arrest warrant is simply a statement but implementing it, is a die-hard issue that will be like a cat meeting a rate. The difficult part that is now inexplicit is who is going to hand over the president and who is going to capture him. This responsibility still remains under the auspicious of the ICC to decide who is handling the problem. More significantly, there are going to be opposing views from the Arab world, Russia and probably China. These oppositions need to be put into accountability if this problem is handed over to the United Nations (UN) to implement it. Russia and China have been long-term investors to Sudan since 1998 oil extraction began. This relation will not let the Chinese and Russian governments to support the arrest warrant at the UN voting session, implementing the indictment of the President. And then there is African Union leaders behind the President, who are sycophants -alienated by the fear of their brutal act in their respective countries, because if that door is open for EL-Bashir as president to be indicted, this may also hurt some African presidents. All these are the accounts that are going to face the ICC decision.

The Future of Southern Sudan
In general, if the NCP chooses to defy ICC over the matter of handing over the President to The Hague, this will affect Sudan’s economics. Because Sudan will be put into economic isolation through international economic sanction and overseas investment interaction, resulting to market decline and sustainable economic growth through the sales of oil and other market-driven investment in the Sudan. It is an explicit game, there is no doubt about that this will have substantial consequences on the Country’s Gross Domestic Production (GDP). However, there are alternatives since SPLM have been fighting for 21 years; SPLM was very vigilant to win war and persuade negotiators at the international and national levels, innovatively leading to the present CPA. Therefore, in the mid of the president’s indictment SPLM will prevail.

It takes encouragement and optimism to stand unwavering for the firm leaders to screen out and prioritize their positions when disasters like these happens. This has now put the intelligentsia of the President of the semi-autonomous Southern Sudan, President Kiir Mayardit’s pragmatic and radical ideology in decision-making process into test. If he handles this situation with courteous leadership and responsible approach, then he has saved the people of Southern Sudan from chaotic destabilization by deconstructing the problem that is likely to engulf CPA.
Optimism is the philosophical trend that Southerners predict in the apocalyptic regime of Khartoum. If this arrest warrant is going to result negatively into civil upheaval repercussion, then this will give Southerners an opportunity to secede immediately from the North. SPLM is now heading a government not a rebel anymore; this places the GoSS into ideal scenario to secure their position in the government of national unity by rejecting misleading persuasion from the presidency in supporting ICC defiance. The people of Southern Sudan have wild opportunities that would translate into their independent before referendum 2011. I think General Lt. Kiir Mayardit has not been sleeping since he took an oath of the GoSS office. He must be prepared to confront his counterpart if they retaliate to destroy CPA. CPA is not going to be annihilated because if anything happen, I think Mr. President Kiir should be in position of announcing unilateral declaration of independent of Southern Sudan immediately. President Kiir now has the greatest wild opportunity in his government.


March 5, 2009 | 10:32 PM Comments  0 comments

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Peace
Related to country: Sudan

Translations available in: English (original) | French | Spanish | Italian | German | Portuguese | Swedish | Russian | Dutch | Arabic

The Power that Kills by Miyar De’Nyok

Africa! Africa! Africa! Are you crazy?
The land of milk and honey
Corrupted by ill greediness
Romantic political influences

Blood thirsty to human life
War and genocide
Will this cruelty?
Relieve you from hatred
Traumatized politicians
Created no mercy

Bomb! Bomb! Bomb!
Oh! Dear civilians’ lives
Debilitated to metal legs and limbs
Thousands run with minors care
War created single parent

The remains of wars
Inherited nothing
But unforgivable selfishness
Anyway, who will bear their burdens?
Is it the sympathetic world?


Is killing the alternative?
Or diplomatic approaches
Leaders! What a mournful life?
To unborn generations
Oh! Dear civilians’ lives

We appeal to international community
Peace and humanity is not from heaven
Burdens of war traumatize
The victim of powerful struggle
Hear our voices

Africa! Africa! Africa!
Leaders!
Calm your tempers
Genocide and diseases are your enemies
Poverty and overdependence on foreign aid
Are your colonial masters?




January 18, 2009 | 11:39 PM Comments  0 comments

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Peace
Related to country: Sudan

Translations available in: English (original) | French | Spanish | Italian | German | Portuguese | Swedish | Russian | Dutch | Arabic

Wipe My TEARS By Miyar De’Nyok
My tear!
My tears!
My tears!

Who will wipe tears?
Oh! People of the world
Where are you to rescue me?
Where are to listen to me?
Where are to comfort me?

I am a Refugee
I did not choose to be one
But situation gave me this destitute status
I detest it I have no choice.

Oh! People of the world
Who will wipe my tears?
Who will conquer peace?
I long for peace to come
Lonely to reunification.

Peace oh! Peace
I search your trails
All I got is negative

Peace!
Your beauty is nowhere
Your love and glory is nowhere
Peace, do you have eyes and legs?

Peace! Peace! Peace!
At the negotiating tables
You fail the diplomats
You fail the pity of innocents’ prayers.

Peace! If you were having eyes to see
Ears to listen
Body to suffer
Stomach to starve
You would seek refuge
In a godly continent!

January 18, 2009 | 11:37 PM Comments  0 comments

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Self-determination politics: the South Sudan
Related to country: Sudan

Translations available in: English (original) | French | Spanish | Italian | German | Portuguese | Swedish | Russian | Dutch | Arabic

Reducing Poverty in Southern Sudan through Subsistence Farming: by Miyar De'Nyok or Akurdit (Canada , mi.akurdit@gmail.com)
In Southern Sudan, subsistence farming is the most important aspect of economic, socio-ecological, cultural and political development strategies. Good governance and local citizens’ involvement in farming production are crucial because subsistence agriculture is the main source of food for the entire population of Southern Sudan. Good governance manipulates decision-making positively by providing energy efficiency, funding special agricultural programmes, and commanding and determining marketability for farmers’ agricultural products. The local government has the power to enforce laws and policies that protect farmers from foreign businesses and to guarantee that all peasants have the adequate knowledge and skills to manage their own farming system ecologically. The local citizens have the right to participate in decision-making locally; it is their social responsibility to implement and imitate policies that favour and enhance the ability to produce sustainably.

More importantly, sustainability is defined as the ability and process of protecting and supporting stewardship of natural resources by integrating the influences of good governance, the equity of socio-economic development, and the conservation of biophysical impacts. Sustainable development strategy will help Southern Sudan subsistence farming communities and evaluates its effectiveness in protecting natural resources, improving agricultural resources, and conserving biodiversities. Previously, the majority of Southern Sudanese farming communities had no opportunities to achieve sustainable agriculture due to instability and lacked the technology to do so. Subsistence agriculture has remained inevitably unsustainable and susceptible to environmental impacts. Sustainable strategy is the main criteria for assessing, analyzing, integrating, empowering, and rehabilitating the local subsistence farming communities in the regions of Southern Sudan.
How could public participation in local decision-making foster healthy communities in subsistence farming regions of Southern Sudan?
This question is very important because it highlights the main issues affecting farming communities in regard to sustainable community strategy. Thus, local community-based participation in decision-making makes the subsistence farming system more sustainable and effective. The involvement of local citizens in ecological decision-making addresses the implementation of healthy sustainable community policies. The strategy requires good governance policies, local citizens’ involvement in decision-making processes, environmental management and ethic. In addition, these policies are instrumental strategies that encourage environmental stewardship, reductionist approaches and holistic principles. Public participation empowers local government to take proactive approaches to socio-ecological problems that deplete natural resources.
The return of the majority of refugees and Internal Displace Persons (IDPs) into the South has increased the population resulting in shortages of food. Thus, such vulnerable people can be helped only by engaging local communities in subsistence farming. Local community-based participation is the only way to sustain and increase food production; hence, decision-making fosters socio-economic responsibilities. The United Nation Environment Programme (UNEP) reported that Sudan’s "environmental degradation” will be worsen unless the Government of Sudan acts to protect environment from foreign oil companies, unsustainable agricultural practices, and climate-related changes and diseases. This report indicated that public participation and environmental education are the most important tools to reduce ecological disasters. These environmental degradations require the strength of the local subsistence farming communities and good governance approaches.
Government of Southern Sudan and Citizens should implement or consider the following strategies:
i) Good governance policies
a) Local-citizens socio-economic development
b) Participative democratic transformation
c) State-local governments’ resources efficiency
d) Special incentive for agricultural sector
e) Human resource development
f) Empowerment of local-citizens and community social responsibility
g) Imitation of sustainable development
h) Poverty-reduction strategy
i) Education and capacity-building
j) Environmental management
k) GoSS should conduct environmental impact assessment (EIA)

Conclusion Remark
In summary, subsistence farming is the basic method of providing food security to local citizens. An investment in rural-agricultural production in the regions of Southern Sudan is the most important way of producing food for the population. The GoSS needs to focus on sustainability to minimize unsustainable farming practices that affect environment. The government has a significant role in funding agriculture locally. Giving more funding to local subsistence farming communities alleviate poverty and promote citizens economic independence.
The Government of Southern Sudan must intervene and support subsistence farming communities in three ways: ensures that local government is eligible for the accountability of equal development and funding in rural agricultural production, enhances participatory democracy for local citizens to express their freedom of thoughts and opinion in referendum, establishes human resource system that empowers local citizens with knowledge and skills to manage their resources sustainably, and encourages state government to share local resources equally by strengthening citizens social responsibility.
Another intervention is by embracing local citizens’ participation in ecological decision-making process. This approach introduces citizens to participate in capacity-building and education, strengthens methods of fighting poverty in the regions, promotes imitation of sustainable development policies, and improves empowerment and social responsibility of local citizens. GoSS must also intervene through environmental management by strategizing ethical justice, environmental governance, sustainability assessment, fostering stewardship and holism approaches as well as promoting reductionism principle.

January 18, 2009 | 11:34 PM Comments  0 comments

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Self-determination politics: the South Sudan
Related to country: Sudan

Translations available in: English (original) | French | Spanish | Italian | German | Portuguese | Swedish | Russian | Dutch | Arabic

South-North CPA: the Principle Guiding Document for Peace-Roadmap by Miyar De’Nyok or Akurdit
Year 2005 will be memorable year in the history of the Sudanese more than the independent eve of 1956. Although Sudan was given independence by Britain, Southern Sudanese were still fighting for self-determination and the independent led by Joseph Lagu in 1955-1972. The stake of a peaceful Sudanism was not defined by that time. Even though there is war at present in the western region of the Sudan, Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) has envisioned democratic transformation of the Sudan and so all parties in the Sudan are stakeholders in the agreement regardless of their non-signatories. 2009 is the year of real action for the implementation of CPA protocol chapters, leading roadmap to fair and free referendum 2011, determining feasibility and possibility of South secession, addressing “popular consultation” contentious for Nuba and blue Nile regions and encouraging the vision of united Sudan if that works.
Factor 1 Upcoming 2009 Election Challenges
When strategies are planed and framed, it is very easy to agree onto the paper-document. But the actual translation of the signed document into real action is another challenge that is harder and harder to implement, and that ties a knot on the protocols agreed upon by the parties. There is always dissatisfaction and contention to be overcome and challenging opportunities to divert the intended meaningful peace settlement. In the beginning of 2005 of CPA delivering by both parties the National Congress Party (NCP) and Sudan People Liberation Movement (SPLM), it was a hope for all the Sudanese. However, after seven months, the death of late Dr. John Garang de Mabior was the beginning of the challenges and patches on the CPA.

Hitherto, the CPA observation and implementation has not satisfactorily been followed as planned and agreed upon by the NCP and SPLM, both parties have the biggest role and influence to implement and observe CPA protocol. One of the reasons is that SPLM and NCP are partners in the Government of National Unity (GoNU); therefore, they should fully cooperate to follow the plan and framework of the CPA constitutional policies. However, SPLM distanced itself and asked NCP for CPA implementation, this is the hardest debate all the Sudanese are trying to comprehend. The two parties are fighting for powers and control of the specific regions. Will that help the people of South Sudan and the unity of Sudan as a region? The deadlock on the contentious issues of lacking to implement CPA continues to divert interest and hopes of all the Sudanese.

The upcoming election is another CPA inaugural promising event that is going to pave way to the voice of voiceless local-citizens in the Sudan. However, there is fear on the fair and free election since it is the first time for the Sudanese to case their votes. The example of unprecedented African post-election violence has been observed and the ramification on socio-economic development is the worst one could imagine. With the violation of some CPA articles that have led to blood shed in Abyei region is the best instance of fear that intrigue despair among the Southerners. Issues of bad weather, lack of resources and census result for the Southern Sudan population, war in Darfur and ICC indictment are the contingences upon in which the election results will be legitimized.
Factor 2 Corruption and Tribalism Challenges
Corruption and tribalism are the most challenging factors that will either destabilize peace, intrigue violence, and implant prejudices on voting rights and election result conceding. Corruption and tribalism are not only considered to be manipulated in terms of material mutual benefit, but they are used in terms of ethnicity or tribe, religion, power control and decision-making, as well as fatigue of conflict and hatred among the fellow citizens. I think these challenges possesses key eclectic drawback of the peaceful Sudan and participatory democratic Sudanized nationalism.

The conflict in the Sudan has ingrained hatred and what has become a stereotypical trait among the Sudanese of seeing themselves in terms of ethnicity, religion and culture. Corruption and tribalism will affect 2009 election in terms of religion and ethnicity. Most people will vote according to their ethnicity and religion. This creates the issue of self-identity by increasing religious stereotype, political manipulation and tribal conflict. Therefore, the anticipation of fair election will be one that is decisively opinionated in either optimistic or pessimistic approach. That mean the NCP has to break its records of political manipulation and transform its image in the world as a part of change and liberty. NCP together with its political partners’ parties should encourage the Sudanese to find peace and prosperity by implementing CPA, meet the demands of the marginalized communities in the Sudan and conceding the 2009 election results without intriguing post-election violence.

Factor 3 SPLM Leadership Challenges
Is SPLM prepared to contest the 2009 election? SPLM is prepared to contest all the positions country wide. SPLM has to enforce its message of either uniting Sudan or seceding for South Sudan in 2011. There is no clear position the SPLM is taking right now. This affects the separatists’ position for secession of Southern Sudan, creating dilemma among the Southerners. SPLM should define its position whether to maintain the vision it has been fighting for, the vision for “new Sudan vision,” or not.

Another, dilemma SPLM is having now is the challenges from the separatists and unionists within the party as well as Southerners. The marginalized communities like Nuba and Southern Blue Nile have no clear message to either vote for SPLM or not. The party’s core ideologies have insignificant influence over its clients. I think SPLM should try to preach and define their position before election so that voters will know whether SPLM is pro-unity or secessionist. Other challenges may include charges to the party on account of tribalism and corruption.

Conclusion
The NCP and all the parties in the Sudan should have equal opportunities to try their political mechanism and intelligentsia to reach out and sell their vision as to why each party should be elected to the office. The ruling party should change its political strategies of intimidating other political leaders and the manipulation of the media without allowing other political parties to sell their seminal ideas.

The NCP and SPLM plus all other political parties should pay attention to CPA as their guiding constitutional will for solving contentious issues in the Sudan. Southern Sudan census should be released before the election even though many Southern Sudanese IDPs were not counted. Above all, if there is a way in which corruption and tribalism can be eliminated then that will be very great for the accountability of justice, transparency, equal distribution of resources, freedom of media, fair election results and inclusion of the marginalized communities. The fruition of a peaceful campaign will result into sustainable stability and participatory democracy by eliminating insinuated treatment and derogatory political manipulation.

Miyar De’Nyok or Akurdit, email mi.akurdit@gmail.com : a student from the University of Waterloo, majoring on Environment and Resource Studies, minor in Sustainable Local Economic Development

January 18, 2009 | 11:32 PM Comments  0 comments

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